using the most modern technology available today we are able to perform root canal therapy on virtually any tooth that requires it. Up until recently, many teeth had to be extracted because endodontic therapy was not as advanced as it is today. With the aid of high magnification and illumination, digital radiography, better techniques in instrumentation, we are much better able to diagnose and treat teeth that at one time were deemed hopeless. Additionally, most procedures are done in one visit with no discomfort at all!